Hormonal changes, such as those that occur with aging, are the most common cause of vaginal dryness. However, vaginal dryness can be caused by other conditions as well
A thin layer of moisture coats the walls of the vagina. This moisture provides an alkaline environment that sperm can survive in and travel in for sexual reproduction. These vaginal secretions also lubricate the vaginal wall, reducing friction during sexual intercourse. As a woman ages, changes in hormone production can cause the vaginal walls to thin. Thinner walls mean fewer cells that secrete moisture. This can lead to vaginal dryness. Keep reading to learn more about the causes and effects of vaginal dryness.
What are the effects of vaginal dryness?
Vaginal dryness can cause discomfort in the vaginal and pelvic regions. Vaginal dryness can also cause:
burning
loss of interest in sex
pain with sexual intercourse
light bleeding following intercourse
soreness
urinary tract infections (UTIs) that don’t go away or that reoccur
vaginal itching or stinging
Vaginal dryness can be a source of embarrassment. This may prevent women from discussing symptoms with their physician or partner; however, the condition is a common occurrence that affects many women.
Causes of vaginal dryness
Falling estrogen levels are the chief cause of vaginal dryness. Women begin to produce less estrogen as they age. This leads to the end of menstruation during a time called perimenopause.
However, menopause isn’t the only condition that causes a decrease in estrogen production. Other causes include:
breastfeeding
cigarette smoking
depression
excessive stress
immune system disorders, such as Sjögren syndrome
childbirth
rigorous exercise
some cancer treatments, such as radiation to the pelvis, hormone therapy, or chemotherapy
surgical removal of the ovaries
Some medications can also reduce secretions in the body. Douching may also cause dryness and irritation, as well as some creams and lotions that are applied to the vaginal area.
When to seek medical help
Vaginal dryness rarely indicates a serious medical condition. But seek help if the discomfort lasts beyond a few days or if you experience discomfort during sexual intercourse. If left untreated, vaginal dryness can cause sores or cracking in the vagina’s tissues. If the condition is accompanied by severe vaginal bleeding, seek immediate medical attention. During an exam, your doctor may examine the vaginal walls to look for lacerations or feel for thinning skin. They may also take a sample of vaginal discharge to test for the presence of harmful bacteria.
Additionally, hormone tests can determine if you are in perimenopause or menopause.
How is vaginal dryness treated?
There are many over-the-counter lubricants that can be applied to the vaginal area to reduce dryness and discomfort. These lubricants and moisturizing creams can also change the vagina’s pH, reducing the likelihood of getting a UTI. Women should choose a lubricant specifically intended for vaginal use. The lubricant should be water-based. They shouldn’t contain perfumes, herbal extracts, or artificial colors. These can cause irritation. Lubricants such as petroleum jelly and mineral oil can damage latex condoms and diaphragms used for birth control.
In some instances, a healthcare provider will prescribe estrogen therapy in the form of a pill, cream, or ring, which release estrogen. Creams and rings release estrogen directly to the tissues. Pills are more likely to be used when you have other uncomfortable menopause symptoms, such as hot flashes. Because many products can irritate delicate vaginal skin, it’s important to seek evaluation and treatment advice at a physician’s office if the condition persists.
How can you prevent vaginal dryness?
Refrain from using irritating products, such as douches. Avoid condoms that contain nonoyxnol-9, or N-9. They have a chemical that can cause vaginal dryness. It’s important to know that age- or reproductive-related changes to the vagina can’t be prevented.
Vaginal dryness can cause discomfort in the vaginal and pelvic regions. There are several causes for this condition. Vaginal dryness is rarely a serious, and there are several treatments that can help treat it. There are also ways that you can help prevent it. However, if you experience vaginal dryness that doesn’t go away, discuss it with your doctor so they can help you find the right treatment.
Adapted from: Healthline
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